Francesco Mazzei civil lawyer Forum Salerno Bruno Schettini Teacher Association International Mediators systemic Isppref of Naples and Salerno
Con il recente inserimento, da parte del CNEL, della figura del “mediatorefamiliare” tra le professioni emergenti è nata l’esigenzadi procedere ad un inquadramento normativo di essa in senso ampio, nel qualee attraverso il quale l’esercizio di questa nuova professione possa svolgersiin modo adeguato sia sotto il profilo della delineazione degli ambiti specificidi intervento, sia sotto quello della formazione del mediatore e sia sotto ilprofilo della tutela delle parti sociali ad essa ricorrenti. Fin dal suo apparire in Italia, trent’anni or sono, proveniente dall’esperienzanordamericana ed europea1, la mediazione familiare ha iniziato progressivopercorso his credit in the world of social science, psychological egiuridiche of our country, through the development of its paradigmidi theoretical reference, its content, techniques of intervention besides its scope. the specificity of its scientific context - in particular diquello psycho-pedagogical and psychotherapy - in which the mediation familiareha had and continues to have special attention in terms of elaborazioneteorica and practical application, he soon felt the esigenzadi extend the reflection the role that family mediation can have in edovrebbe judicial procedures of separation and divorce. Without going into the merits of a particularly delicate and thorny what quellodell'individuazione of the contributions that individual human sciences - inclusoil law - are intended to provide the development of the concept dimed family, here we merely note that both the mediation dirittoquanto kept to a constitutive dimension of human life: that of social integration and mutual. There is, however, one difference: the law operates through a complex dinorme and institutions aimed at regulating the conduct of social life (or polis) and the relationships between individuals (ubi societas, ibi jus), including the reports that occur within the system marriage / family in the latter category, the basic needs dell'individuoquali completion of personality, choice of a partner, reproduction, defense and education of children, they receive protection from the particular law attenzionee especially in reference to ' weaker interest (eg: the offspring, the unemployed women, etc ...). Family mediation, however, take action, in general, in the presence of a conflittosorto within a particular system of human relations affiancandosiin complementary way - from the standpoint of management technique delconflitto - the normative function of law and qualifying as unastrategia particular attention to the conflict as an event and para-comerisorsa for the growth of those dating back to a licensing sub genogrammaticamente2 given family system, once it has exhausted its quellafase vitale3 cycle. For example, with specific reference to the system, marriage / family, can accadereche the existence of obstacles to the complete realization of the needs fondamentalidell'individuo given special protection by the law, soprattuttocon reference to the "weaker party" ends up becoming oggettodi disruption and conflicts between spouses and / or between all the components sistemafamiglia particularly harrowing. Mediation family is part of the delicate and often unbridgeable space, with reference to the legal framework / dellaseparazione judicial and divorce, is summarized in the motto "conciliation / contenziosogiudiziario. And 'here that kicks off the proposed mediazionequale offer help relationship and transaction negotiation, momentoche by the aid application is aimed at) the reorganization of vitafamiliare or individual in case of separation / divorce, but also b) to produzionedi revisional ie acts relating to obligations and assumerereciprocamente agreed, coordinated and geared to each other, the effects of a voltaomologati the courts become real cuiinottemperanza the legal acts is a crime prosecuted ex officio (ie: the maintenance of sottrarsiall'obbligo) or part of complaint (ie: the offspring impedimentoa attend in place by the custodial parent). Chesi whether an amicable settlement, puts it well in the art .1965 ccquando define the contract resulting from it (agreement of separation / divorce) the chisel as the "contract under which the parties, making reciprocheconcessioni, ending a dispute which already begun and prevent a Litec may arise between them. " In fact, the act of mediation in cases of separation edivorzio, is a helping relationship psycho-pedagogico4 whose mode proceduraledi communicative relationships, is aimed at concluding a legal transaction or contract their true (atypical) 5 consensoreciproco agreements involving rights in objective and subjective, so comemodulati by the expression of the will of two ( or more) people will show to which the legal ricollegagli took legal effect (separation / divorce and obligations) by pounds issues. The chief diversity of mediation is that arbitration is essanon, no compromise, no negotiation Eche mediator insists mainly on the sphere of free convincimentoe / or self-determination parties on the basis of a structure motivazionaledella interaction torque on the concept of cooperative or cooperative equilibrionon or "John Forbes Nash equilibrium" (name of premioNobel has theorized that in the economic field) 6. For these reasons, in recent years, it has been increasingly discussed dellanecessità of a regulatory framework on the matter also nell'ambitodei marital and family conflicts that occur in the context of the separazionee divorzio7 and in this direction, ranging proposals for reform dirittodi family with regard to both substantive law and to legal procedures (eg: the artt.185 and 706 CCP). Reform proposals, being part elaborazioneda Italian Parliament, we also have important national riconoscimentinormativi (see: Law August 28, 1997, No. 285. art.4; novembre2000 Law 8, n.328. art.6 2nd and 3rd paragraphs and artt.16 and 18) and regional (Tuscany, Law Oct. 3, 1997, n.72; Region Valle d'Aosta, Act May 27, 1998, n. 44, Regione Liguria, Law September 9, 1998, n.30). These legislative actions help frame the context of a mediation familiarein culturally innovative, educational and emancipatory socialmenteapplicativo in that they are intended to confer, in the present case, autonomarilevanza functional family mediation within the proceduragiudiziale separation of the spouses. The results up to already accomplished, nonsembrano but still sufficient to give the practice of judicial procedure within the functional mediazioneun'autonomia richiamata.Quanto already indicated by the CNEL is just the beginning of a journey that, even attraversoriflessioni and processing of legal / regulatory, must condurread real roots and full recognition of mediation familiaretra intellectual professions, like the other autonomous figureprofessionali and practices, thus enabling the establishment or recognition degliattuali Albi and ethical rules of professional associations deputate.Al equal to that of the traditional intellectual professions, mediation activities as well familiarein with nature and intellectual content is based, Daun side, on a set of cognitive values \u200b\u200band technical ecaratterizzanti absolutely own the other requires the existence of a fiduciary rapportodi (highly personal) between the mediator and family coppiain crisis. The intellectual work or service rendered by the mediator familiarecoinvolge a set of values \u200b\u200band interests that attengononon constitutionally guaranteed only to the sphere of the individual (confidentiality, information, responsibility) but also to a larger system (eg. The family and, in Ultimately, the community). The conduct of fair and balanced prestazioneresa the family mediator based on a relationship of trust with user-groups, requires that it complies with several requirements to advance represented dalleregole ethics, standard of quality, a system of figures controlloe specific responsibilities, such as to enable the esattoadempimento obligation of means and not result, which is made by the Ombudsman familiare8 appuntola performance. In this regard, it should be noted as a positive from the outset, the esigenzadi recourse to a system of rules autodisciplinari sensibilmenteavvertito associations has been practicing family mediation in Italia.Tra the most significant means to recall the AIMS (article 6 of the Charter and Articles 1 to, 4,5,6,7,8,10 Code of Conduct); the AIMF (lit. artt.14.15.17, and 18 of the Statute) and SIMe.F. - AssociazioneGe.A (Code of Conduct of the mf on separation and divorce). E 'utilericordare also the "European Charter on the formation of mf in materiadi separation and divorce" of 1992, article 4, p.iii, richiamail dell'APMF Code of Conduct (Association pour la promotion dela mediation familiale). In this paper refer SIMe.Fe AIMS and all the associations participating in the Forum on Europe. For a comparative examination of the contents of the articles mentioned above, the puntisalienti that characterize the ethical principles of action of MFpossono be summarized as follows: · definition of the role of family mediation in relation to separation and divorce proceduredi (artt.2 and 9 of the CD / APMF; art.14 of StatutoA.IMF n.2; CD / SIMe.F., Art .2 CD / Ge.A.; art.1 CD / AIMS). ° PROFESSIONAL and the formation of MF (art. 4 CD / APMF; artt.15-17th lett.f art.18 of the Statute AIMF; CD / SIMe.F; article 3 of the CD / Ge.A; art.4del CD / AIMS; lett.d art. 6) of the Statute AIMS); · confidentiality (art. 6 CD / APMF; lett.c art.18) of StatutoA.IMF; CD / SIMe.F.; artt.5 CD / Ge.A., article 6, letter b) of StatutoA.IMS, Art. 6 CD / AIMS); · integrità, imparzialità e decoro (art.5 C.D./APMF; art.18lett.d) dello Statuto A.I.M.F.; C.D./S.I.Me.F.; art.4 C.D./Ge.A.; art.6 lett.a)dello Statuto A.I.M.S., art.5 C.D./A.I.M.S.); · responsabilità professionale (art.10 C.D./APMF; art.18 lett.f)dello Statuto A.I.M.F.; artt.6 e 10 C.D./A.I.M.S.). Emerge, come dato formale comune, il fatto che tali “principi” sonocontenuti in Statuti associativi e nei rispettivi Codici deontologici; ne consegueche, dal punto di vista della loro validità e vincolatività neiconfronti dei singoli associati, occorre fare riferimento alle norme generalipreviste dal codice civile in materia di associazioni recognized (artt.14 ess. And article 36 et seq of the Code). In both cases, once they have been Respect substantive and formal conditions required by the constitutional quantoda those statutory limits for negotiating autonomy opposition abnormal mandatory, public order and morality as well as contained in allestatuizioni .18 Cost ., nell'attocostitutivo the rules contained in the statute and, in addition to the code of ethics, are ritenersivincolanti in the internal relations among members, since they determine "Entitlements and obligations of members and conditions of their admission (art.16c. see article 36 and paragraph I cc) with the result that the individual associated possaessere ousted by the association when there are "gravimotivi" (Article 24, paragraph III cc) consisting of a serious nature inadempimentodi assets or personnel. Further insights on the guidelines of a future codiceautodisciplinare or ethics of the MF can be derived by the rules of CCIN on intellectual professions (artt.2060 et seq. CCED artt.2229 art.2222 cc and ff. Cc) and contracts (artt.1427 et seq. and art.1745 cc), dalcodice of Civil Procedure regarding technical advisers and assistants to the Judge (artt.61 et seq. CCP), the Criminal Code (art.200 penal code) and Criminal Procedure (CPP art.622) in terms of secrecy and by legislazionespeciale with regard to confidentiality (Law 675 December 31, 1996, Decree Lgs.n.467/2001). On this last part, however, we reserve further discussion.
Notes
1 In this regard, cf: L. Parkinson (1987), Separation, Divorce and family mediation, Erickson, Trento 1995 and Marzotto C., Family mediation in Europe: models of practice and training, in "Social Policies and Services", in "The Life and Thought", 1 (1994).
2 Cf: A. Women, Three generations of comparison, the genogram in research and clinical practice, "Review of Psychology and Sociology", no.1-2 (1989), pp.1-24
3 Sull’argomento, cf: Malagoli Togliatti M., Lubrano Lavadera A., Dinamiche relazionali e ciclo di vita della famiglia, il Mulino, Bologna 2002, in part. cap. IX, pp.145-171
4 Cf: Schettini B., La mediazione familiare come «pratica» psicopedagogia, in “Rassegna di Servizio Sociale”, a.XXXVII, n.1 (1998), pp.40-67 e, dello stesso A., “Vi dichiaro separati…”: note per un modello pedagogico di mediazione familiare, in “MinoriGiustizia”, n.1 (1998), pp.61-79.
5 In ordine all’ampio tema della negoziabilità tra i coniugi in crisi, si ritiene utile ricordare una celebre monografia in tema di contratto ove si afferma: "The need for practice and civil progress require that, de jure amnesty, and, where possible, in law interpreting is revaluing these pacts regulators of family relationships, or associations, and so on," adding that, "looking away, you may chosen image of patrician rule on the dissolution of marriage, the government of the family, the surname of the spouses "in R. Sacco, The contract, in the Treaty of civil rights, directed by Filippo Vassalli, Utet, Torino 1975, pp.493 et \u200b\u200bseq. Other authoritative doctrine considered the admissibility of shops also atypical in the non-pecuniary interest in relation to agreements that can accompany a divorce or separation (Eg. Pacts related to child-rearing, how to visit or stay with the non-custodial parent). On this point cf: P. Rescigno, Handbook of Italian private law, Jovene, Napoli 1975, pp.274. Should however be noted that "the Court, for its part, and in particular, that of legitimacy, it has evolved, especially in recent years, increasingly negative sense about the power of the device parts of the rights connected with the order sheet 'loosening and dissolution of the marriage "in G. Oberto, contracts of marital crisis, Giuffrè, Milan, 1999, pp.63-64. 6 Cf
: Item: Nash equilibrium, in "Encyclopedia Economy Garzanti, Garzanti, Torino 2001.
7 On this subject, cf: G. Salaris, Mediation in Italy: the identification of different regulatory areas and new prospects for legislative action in S. Pinna (Ed.), Culture and practice of mediation, Proceedings of the Third World Congress of Mediation, Edizioni Istituto Carlo Amore, Rome 2000, pp.496-500.
8 A first contribution on the relationship between the mediator and the parental couple is to Scaparro F., Ethics of family mediation, in reconnaissance Ardone R., Mazzoni S. (Ed.), The family mediation. For fine adjustment of the conflict in separation and divorce, Giuffrè, Milano 1993, pp.55-61.
0 comments:
Post a Comment